Sommario:
1. Dalla «fuga dei cervelli» alle «migrazioni qualificate».
2. Oggetto della ricerca.
3. Politiche di rientro degli emigrati qualificati.
3.1. Chiamate dirette e programmi ministeriali nelle università.
3.2. Agevolazioni fiscali.
4. Politiche di attrazione di immigrati qualificati.
4.1. Ingresso e soggiorno per motivi di studio.
4.2. Ingresso e soggiorno per ricerca scientifica.
4.3. Ingresso e soggiorno per lavoratori qualificati.
5. Politiche di qualificazione degli immigrati.
5.1. Diritti all’istruzione e allo studio.
5.2. Diritto alla formazione professionale.
5.3. Diritto all’esercizio della professione.
6. Considerazioni critiche.
Abstract:
The essay takes its cue from the current debate, held in some social sciences,
about the so called skilled migrations, that are migrations of highly-qualified people,
in order to check whether and how the subject is present in the Italian legislation and
to make an assessment of regulatory interventions carried out until now. There are
three groups of legal provisions: some of them aim to bring skilled emigrants back;
others aim to attract skilled immigrants; others aim to qualify foreign people living
in Italy. It is necessary, firstly, to streamline the screened rules, which pursue the same
objective while being spread across several regulations. Secondly, in order to get a
proper management of skilled migrations, an effective public policy and a multilevel
governance of the problem are needed.